Web Reference: Feb 27, 2026 · "Because you defined the default as a mutable list [], Python creates that list once and stores it inside the function object itself. Every time you call the function without providing a list of your own, you are pointing back to that same, original object." Jul 16, 2009 · Using mutable values passed in as arguments as local temporaries is an extremely bad idea, whether we're in Python or not and whether there are default arguments involved or not. Python evaluates default arguments only once—when the function is defined. This means that if the default value is a mutable object, all calls to the function will share the same single instance of that object.
YouTube Excerpt: What happens when you use a mutable
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