Web Reference: Python’s default arguments are evaluated once when the function is defined, not each time the function is called (like it is in say, Ruby). This means that if you use a mutable default argument and mutate it, you will and have mutated that object for all future calls to the function as well. Jul 16, 2009 · Using mutable values passed in as arguments as local temporaries is an extremely bad idea, whether we're in Python or not and whether there are default arguments involved or not. Feb 27, 2026 · The Problem: Default arguments are evaluated once at definition time. The Solution: Use None as the default and initialize the mutable object inside the function body.
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